Qiyas In Islam

In islamic terminology it was defined by az zarkashi may allah have mercy on him as follows.

Qiyas in islam. The sources of islamic law shari ah comprise of 1 the qur an 2 sunnah prophetic tradition 3 ijma consensus of opinion 4 qiyas analogical deduction 5 istihsan equity in islamic law 6 masalih al mursalah consideration of public interest 7 sadd al zara i blocking the means 8 urf customs 9 fatwa sahabi the verdict of a companion 10 shar u man qablana revealed laws preceding the laws before our generation and 11 istishab presumption of continuity 1. قیاس or analogy is a term in usul al fiqh principles of islamic jurisprudence which means the application of the jurisprudential ruling of an issue to another analogous issue on which there is no ruling in religious texts. Qiyas in islamic law analogical reasoning as applied to the deduction of juridical principles from the qurʾān and the sunnah the normative practice of the community. In islamic law the deduction of legal prescriptions from the quran or sunnah by analogic reasoning.

There is no explicit quranic verses or hadits that told moslems about smoking. Qiyas mansus al illa qiyas with explicitly mentioned cause qiyas mustanbat al illa qiyas with inferred cause qiyas al awlawiyya a fortiori qiyas and tanqih al manat isolation of the criterion. And the ijma is what ulama understood from quran and hadees. Qiyas is one of two way to face recent problems that is not explicitly explained in quran nor hadits.

قياس is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the qur an in order to apply a known injunction nass to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. It is the unanimous agreement of the mujtahid scholars of the ummah of muhammad blessings and peace of allah be upon him after his death concerning some issue at any particular time. For example is about smoking. There are various types of qiyas including.

In islamic jurisprudence qiyās arabic. End quote from al bahr al muheet by az zarkashi 6 379. Qiyaas is a process whereby a clear ruling of the permissibility or impermissibility of an act or thing is applied to an issue closest related to it. The qiyas is actually a way to understand a rule from quran and hadees.

Qiyas and ijma both are considered as base of understanding islamic laws after quran and hadees. The root meaning of the word qiyas is measuring accord equality. Qiyas provided classical muslim jurists with a method of deducing laws on matters not explicitly covered by the quran or sunnah without relying on unsystematic opinion ray or hawa. With the qurʾān the sunnah and ijmāʿ scholarly consensus it constitutes the four sources of islamic jurisprudence uṣūl.

Qiyaas is a term used when determining the root cause of the process to do ijtehaad. So ijma and qiyas both are important for understand islamic shareeah and quranic rules. For example allah and his messenger saws have declared khamr wine alcohol etc haraam.